Infrared (IR) radiation is a type of electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths than those of visible light. It has a range of wavelengths from about 750 nanometers (nm) to 1 millimeter, and it is invisible to the human eye. Infrared radiation is often referred to as "heat radiation" because it is the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that is responsible for the sensation of heat.
There are three main types of infrared radiation:
- Near-infrared (NIR) has wavelengths between 750 nm and 1400 nm and is used in fiber-optic communication and some medical treatments.
- Mid-infrared (MIR) has wavelengths between 1400 nm and 3000 nm and is used in spectroscopy and sensing applications such as temperature measurement, gas detection, and chemical analysis.
- Far-infrared (FIR) has wavelengths between 3 micrometers (µm) and 1 mm and is used in thermal imaging and heating applications.
Infrared radiation is emitted by all objects with a temperature above absolute zero, and it can be used to detect and measure the temperature of objects at a distance. Infrared radiation is also used in remote controls, night vision equipment, and thermal imaging cameras. In addition, it is also used in medicine to treat certain conditions such as pain relief and wound healing.
Infrared radiation is generally safe, but prolonged exposure to high levels of infrared radiation can cause skin and eye damage. This is why it is used cautiously in some applications such as industrial heating, and IR saunas.
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